{"version":1,"kind":"Article","sha256":"","slug":"322","location":"","dependencies":[],"doi":"10.54294/8jk6oy","thumbnail":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreiefnv6m436sqtjca36zczu72jzri62lg7cz343334kv6hfj4w7ob4","frontmatter":{"title":"Level Set Segmentation: Active Contours without edge","abstract":"An Insight Toolkit (ITK) processing framework for segmentation using active contours without edges \r\nis presented in this paper. Our algorithm is based on the work of Chan and Vese [1] that uses level- \r\nsets to accomplish region segmentation in images with poor or no gradient information. The basic idea \r\nis to partion the image into two piecewise constant intensity regions. This work is in contrast to the \r\nlevel-set methods currently available in ITK which necessarily require gradient information. Similar to \r\nthose methods, the methods presented in this paper are also made efﬁcient using a sparse implementation \r\nstrategy that solves the contour evolution PDE at the level-set boundary. The framework consists of 6 \r\nnew ITK ﬁlters that inherit in succession from itk::SegmentationFilter. We include 2D/3D example \r\ncode, parameter settings and show the results generated on a 2D cardiac image.","license":"You are licensing your work to Kitware Inc. under the\nCreative Commons Attribution License Version 3.0.\n\nKitware Inc. agrees to the following:\n\nKitware is free\n * to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work\n * to make derivative works\n * to make commercial use of the work\n\nUnder the following conditions:\n\\\"by Attribution\\\" - Kitware must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor.\n\n * For any reuse or distribution, they must make clear to others the license terms of this work.\n * Any of these conditions can be waived if they get permission from the copyright holder.\n\nYour fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above.\n\nThis is a human-readable summary of the Legal Code (the full license) available at\nhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode","keywords":["chan and vese","level set"],"authors":[{"name":"mosaliganti, kishore ","email":"kishoreraom@gmail.com","affiliations":[]},{"name":"smith, benjamin","email":"benjii.man.smith@gmail.com","affiliations":[]},{"name":"gelas, arnaud","email":"arnaudgelas@gmail.com","affiliations":[]},{"name":"gouaillard, alexandre","email":"agouaillard@gmail.com","affiliations":["Singapore Agency for Science Technology and Research"],"corresponding":true},{"name":"megason, sean","affiliations":[]}],"date_submitted":"2009-03-13 14:36:05","external_publication_id":322,"revision_cids":["bafkreiaxhfp45yac7dck3fiar6c2bkbr6efcoum2gg6q66hmrnr6lkut6e"],"github":"https://github.com/midas-journal/midas-journal-322.git","thumbnail":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreiefnv6m436sqtjca36zczu72jzri62lg7cz343334kv6hfj4w7ob4"},"mdast":{"type":"root"},"downloads":[{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreibsmxatc6mjjpu3sqxbf4cddvegee4qmpcbk3lgdgrd6yunyzjfci","title":"root/code/CMakeLists.txt","filename":"CMakeLists.txt","extra":{"size_bytes":660,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreia6z5ivmy6znonbim3qlpnxqvkgpugxx7xmupr5unh2oouewkhdb4","title":"root/code/test/Data/30-dist.mha","filename":"30-dist.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":828985,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreifvs7kogcyfjtinacfaydrm4mr7a6t7epqhmdue72ce2t526yhyc4","title":"root/code/test/Data/30-feature.mha","filename":"30-feature.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":828985,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreiaq3e2vyowck7btfn2di2x5nvyxpssqjgnvqqnvi36f7c2cqljoim","title":"root/code/test/Data/30-fg.mha","filename":"30-fg.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":414634,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreidt4p7d6yxzhwgt73uk7cy6zsivkqfu2cp2nrdzx2ingb33bk37sa","title":"root/code/test/Data/30-gf.mha","filename":"30-gf.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":828985,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreica3pmtlhtejwakl34yu5x63xlavkgbrpvugts5v4utnv6koig4qa","title":"root/code/test/Data/30-levelset.mha","filename":"30-levelset.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":414634,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreiaagpsf3nzqji436ku7vzouvebqz4unv6c6aedzittflddbd2una4","title":"root/code/test/Data/30-segment.mha","filename":"30-segment.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":414634,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreihip33umoypbvqegvoqhruhmzt45mivk365chig2iwkcvc2dvw42m","title":"root/code/test/Data/30-voronoi.mha","filename":"30-voronoi.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":414634,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreibjdulnd7jrpl5mbcabg3ltutvccu7l5cngbnipaxvozbmyoan74u","title":"root/code/test/Data/30.png","filename":"30.png","extra":{"size_bytes":166124,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreihzjeaijp7ufpdxu623fwt3mxlcoacqbuzbx6b7n7vaqolfza6oe4","title":"root/code/test/Data/Multiphase2DSeg1.mha","filename":"Multiphase2DSeg1.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":25839,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreicsfi5eo7fgfxdok3e4mqqoz4s52bnkznfrf2u5w6iklj7ir7myrm","title":"root/code/test/Data/Multiphase2DSeg2.mha","filename":"Multiphase2DSeg2.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":25839,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreichmbzzgtbq2l2volgentcbsihhnupisl2r2f2m3hgfnxugeacqde","title":"root/code/test/Data/Multiphase2DSeg3.mha","filename":"Multiphase2DSeg3.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":25839,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreieo2gr3o6mxj3qhhpbhfeksew4ldjcyz53uhdi6c4mldewl3iu6cm","title":"root/code/test/Data/Multiphase2Dphi1.mha","filename":"Multiphase2Dphi1.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":25697,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreibcdzs2tvzcxhyveewfybyx6mh6zdz2q4keqcmxfl3vdgbbotjje4","title":"root/code/test/Data/Multiphase2Dphi2.mha","filename":"Multiphase2Dphi2.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":25697,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreiaxupqojupwwh3guhivrmkornukmjdpkw3f2zfvbocjguye45yp3m","title":"root/code/test/Data/Multiphase2Dphi3.mha","filename":"Multiphase2Dphi3.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":25697,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreifs6mfdmcumoenpmg7erisuqa2cybdm4hijdm7agdnzvmil5qs33y","title":"root/code/test/Data/MultiphaseCells2D.png","filename":"MultiphaseCells2D.png","extra":{"size_bytes":4883,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreibeim3rg4zosskmfbrpyjl6sfpnzf4ooioaugvsqr7eahqsn7s6am","title":"root/code/test/Data/example2D.png","filename":"example2D.png","extra":{"size_bytes":10915,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreieiun5oqmskloncy2ri77xr7ru7xwwgdoexu57kcyynk2zanuz6qu","title":"root/code/test/Data/featureTrack2D.png","filename":"featureTrack2D.png","extra":{"size_bytes":897,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreig5cqe6bwmv42asqogy4px43jgkoxobwfpd3ln42tnjrxz42uojqq","title":"root/code/test/Data/finalSegTrack2D.png","filename":"finalSegTrack2D.png","extra":{"size_bytes":327,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreifwcnez7gcxnhzhcnmlwtprerqq7w3w3squvwg4wh46c35ecujt5y","title":"root/code/test/Data/initSegTrack2D.png","filename":"initSegTrack2D.png","extra":{"size_bytes":256,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreidcdcjguzez3f542bhbebitepphce3yhtuxpctenziqpuk2cwbusa","title":"root/code/test/Data/phi.mha","filename":"phi.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":57479,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreid7wv373voocsncjxxx2ebkhuwrk22d5a3f6ywl644jqgdjoaswwu","title":"root/code/test/Data/segDense2D.mha","filename":"segDense2D.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":57621,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreicznx3tztqgzm7iqlqgtgsogbnypdp2hkulwdiyw7tawfurhqz6mq","title":"root/code/test/Data/segSparse2D.mha","filename":"segSparse2D.mha","extra":{"size_bytes":57621,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreifv4x4wswyz65tfutbjxwrrzfijyt556beifdvgjszxf2nsr55d7q","title":"root/code/examples/CMakeLists.txt","filename":"CMakeLists.txt","extra":{"size_bytes":59,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreid3dqwl5xp2nd77wefhobkyafs3ra26tijq56k74c43bi25ts3yoa","title":"root/code/examples/Options/CMakeLists.txt","filename":"CMakeLists.txt","extra":{"size_bytes":200,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreiae46atg3k6lomddl62hjatfcod7xuz33umk73rgzqxx4ur24ip64","title":"root/code/examples/Options/demo.cxx","filename":"demo.cxx","extra":{"size_bytes":3421,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreihvdqnw35vcceog4bewcldysil6ings6bjbor2lx6wzm727nm7l6m","title":"root/code/examples/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/CMakeLists.txt","filename":"CMakeLists.txt","extra":{"size_bytes":1217,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreifa524pt6e55lo5p7kn3qb7wziuaeti3iupd2ghsdzuxnr3tvrp2m","title":"root/code/examples/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/ScalarMultiPhase2DTest.cxx","filename":"ScalarMultiPhase2DTest.cxx","extra":{"size_bytes":8586,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreig76zekd66iiyrnxgdwszg3xxlf3iuj4jj4ekz2gedrq5fnj3xpgu","title":"root/code/examples/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/ScalarMultiPhase3DTest.cxx","filename":"ScalarMultiPhase3DTest.cxx","extra":{"size_bytes":8570,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreicg3txdixqgw2yu46xhdwr2frkd6ry2fjmxjv6ggp35uezm5mx4fm","title":"root/code/examples/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/ScalarSinglePhase3DTest.cxx","filename":"ScalarSinglePhase3DTest.cxx","extra":{"size_bytes":6503,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreifxadhqzqnu2srq34xd3aiucnu6r5ae5i24bglkrfoy5n4mkugc5i","title":"root/code/examples/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/ScalarSinglePhaseDense2DTest.cxx","filename":"ScalarSinglePhaseDense2DTest.cxx","extra":{"size_bytes":6945,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreigyggyue5omtshoczb3yahzaeqf3ijn3hhy2bjbfce6a5nn3okuvy","title":"root/code/examples/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/ScalarSinglePhaseSparse2DTest.cxx","filename":"ScalarSinglePhaseSparse2DTest.cxx","extra":{"size_bytes":6511,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreiellzxtgapjbtt6awnfqkokbfdfu4ytyhdnk2jvjguzh4i2vltrgi","title":"root/code/Options/anyoption.cxx","filename":"anyoption.cxx","extra":{"size_bytes":25125,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreidd7qpti2ecidgiwvv6cdy2hatqueie7ngwmw3l5p2ebez2l4wz4m","title":"root/code/Options/anyoption.h","filename":"anyoption.h","extra":{"size_bytes":7683,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreigrjb76ssl6ywe3ceerp3ujcrqo7zfewkk2bsontil3v3ylegr7rm","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/LevelsetFunctions/itkRegionBasedLevelSetFunction.h","filename":"itkRegionBasedLevelSetFunction.h","extra":{"size_bytes":6698,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreih7qda7bb7tb53hghd3qpcp25fmpkh5wtfzpuy5klzsdltvtao74i","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/LevelsetFunctions/itkRegionBasedLevelSetFunction.txx","filename":"itkRegionBasedLevelSetFunction.txx","extra":{"size_bytes":16044,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreidhd4g7s2rqm4onmwlm3j4zp4xxspqdb7e2vii2shhur2gljfwfx4","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/LevelsetFunctions/itkScalarChanAndVeseLevelSetFunction.h","filename":"itkScalarChanAndVeseLevelSetFunction.h","extra":{"size_bytes":3895,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreidzgcn2rxyumfwecr4yie6hh5kv3ceh52wiq5b7gbwvzt7fu3quua","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/LevelsetFunctions/itkScalarChanAndVeseLevelSetFunction.txx","filename":"itkScalarChanAndVeseLevelSetFunction.txx","extra":{"size_bytes":5181,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreiccnqlui7jojdby3fedgnzfn2vgr3wciyv5gtvosxinzi74yerr3m","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/LevelsetFunctions/itkScalarChanAndVeseSharedFunctionData.h","filename":"itkScalarChanAndVeseSharedFunctionData.h","extra":{"size_bytes":8200,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreigtm722csn6bsouwcenj5xsouy44775rd7vmpt2eodan7p5yopbpe","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/LevelsetFunctions/itkScalarLevelSetFunctionBase.h","filename":"itkScalarLevelSetFunctionBase.h","extra":{"size_bytes":3656,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreiaq4tqxqaxt6eipep5stdqkwyoiqtwqzxlddics2f7iudugtshg3y","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/LevelsetFunctions/itkScalarLevelSetFunctionBase.txx","filename":"itkScalarLevelSetFunctionBase.txx","extra":{"size_bytes":5240,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreidqizqaakx5yc2rwxdd4a2hoy2bo6xz6n3c7c65xtm2xzb73zqx4m","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/Common/itkMultiphaseFiniteDifferenceImageFilter.h","filename":"itkMultiphaseFiniteDifferenceImageFilter.h","extra":{"size_bytes":18031,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreihmoqaezzllu5edcwmuyy6f6cgyprqflc67mmpwxbzyq5ccrkpztu","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/Common/itkMultiphaseFiniteDifferenceImageFilter.txx","filename":"itkMultiphaseFiniteDifferenceImageFilter.txx","extra":{"size_bytes":7522,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreidfdtj5rmhzbpv5xpyrerjvcrycdiraf4i44qzgxcebgkcguboy6a","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/Common/itkVectorShiftScaleImageFilter.h","filename":"itkVectorShiftScaleImageFilter.h","extra":{"size_bytes":4618,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreicloxreyumbj5a27amt65dhullam6crfaxl7rnlf6mjutsbhz7sdi","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/Common/itkVectorShiftScaleImageFilter.txx","filename":"itkVectorShiftScaleImageFilter.txx","extra":{"size_bytes":4418,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreihpjn3ux745ggg7evnphunpveuxrftttsoiw2ymxjjieyqanbnxha","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/BasicFilters/Sparse/itkMultiphaseSparseFieldLevelSetImageFilter.h","filename":"itkMultiphaseSparseFieldLevelSetImageFilter.h","extra":{"size_bytes":22444,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreifd2t6exjkrgeyk5nsewttthacqzgx7kberpfavsxyl3qoemu7glq","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/BasicFilters/Sparse/itkMultiphaseSparseFieldLevelSetImageFilter.txx","filename":"itkMultiphaseSparseFieldLevelSetImageFilter.txx","extra":{"size_bytes":26281,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreih3pmjvea772d6jpwsgqfl2aieecftjlhq5he5k5oqwnr5ypevmqm","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/BasicFilters/Sparse/itkMultiphaseSparseFieldLevelSetImageFilter2.txx","filename":"itkMultiphaseSparseFieldLevelSetImageFilter2.txx","extra":{"size_bytes":20853,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreidbzy6jpkdbvl24ycqpwepklapzatuqcvcpklt3sb5i5svo6lxbba","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/BasicFilters/Dense/itkMultiphaseDenseSegmentationFiniteDifferenceImageFilter.h","filename":"itkMultiphaseDenseSegmentationFiniteDifferenceImageFilter.h","extra":{"size_bytes":7770,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreignprbcm5zqyaf4weyj5e7pdcwtzw5ksgixmzpniarrpzwtwnr3d4","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/BasicFilters/Dense/itkMultiphaseDenseSegmentationFiniteDifferenceImageFilter.txx","filename":"itkMultiphaseDenseSegmentationFiniteDifferenceImageFilter.txx","extra":{"size_bytes":7706,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreiejdcyeqsthxk6nf2scl3a4isf2fv3t7f562b62gfvqzy3pltrqgq","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/Algorithms/Sparse/itkSparseMultiphaseLevelSetImageFilter.h","filename":"itkSparseMultiphaseLevelSetImageFilter.h","extra":{"size_bytes":4055,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreibaqosik3xfj4klrg4jgokyfy5jb2m5y6lfswzepjseci5wplcabu","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/Algorithms/Sparse/itkSparseMultiphaseLevelSetImageFilter.txx","filename":"itkSparseMultiphaseLevelSetImageFilter.txx","extra":{"size_bytes":3674,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreie22r47p26dufiuzxxw5lbebemhvhl75aywrpqjyw5slkupiiwysi","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/Algorithms/Sparse/itkSparseMultiphaseSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter.h","filename":"itkSparseMultiphaseSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter.h","extra":{"size_bytes":14808,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreid3wgmmgd2j5nag5csc7lltimvcrx6liujs2datopzql4l5ohsk3m","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/Algorithms/Sparse/itkSparseMultiphaseSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter.txx","filename":"itkSparseMultiphaseSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter.txx","extra":{"size_bytes":3428,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreicksn6dpzrbzvttg3voynehjzzg5asgvuum24kou5q66sapx2mfti","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/Algorithms/Dense/itkDenseMultiphaseLevelSetImageFilter.h","filename":"itkDenseMultiphaseLevelSetImageFilter.h","extra":{"size_bytes":3744,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreif4h46mbi4u75guki72vlyeq7bunurdcjmj36pfoxogkek3lv3ozy","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/Algorithms/Dense/itkDenseMultiphaseLevelSetImageFilter.txx","filename":"itkDenseMultiphaseLevelSetImageFilter.txx","extra":{"size_bytes":3338,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreibczic5ggmcg4dncb7xzw6b2xnqm4wvmsjmbqn3vcliopmswausiq","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/Algorithms/Dense/itkDenseMultiphaseSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter.h","filename":"itkDenseMultiphaseSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter.h","extra":{"size_bytes":14870,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://pub.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreihd4ug4faef633fvjq33bulv5vuiccen65qzkzzdne4zpigadbz3u","title":"root/code/ActiveContoursWithoutEdges/Algorithms/Dense/itkDenseMultiphaseSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter.txx","filename":"itkDenseMultiphaseSegmentationLevelSetImageFilter.txx","extra":{"size_bytes":3452,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://ipfs.desci.com/ipfs/bafkreiam2mkkw72fwe5tczqmbveulr6terevtia2deky2xamromw5c7zbq","title":"root/insight-journal-metadata.json","filename":"insight-journal-metadata.json","extra":{"size_bytes":4259,"type":"file"}},{"url":"https://dweb.link/ipfs/bafkreiaw6quljbqvcjaw3ov4xhrea62mlggnlusti32g5wqngcnvmipsji","title":"root/article.pdf","filename":"article.pdf","extra":{"size_bytes":847220,"type":"file"}}],"references":{"cite":{"order":["ref1"]},"data":{"ref1":{"label":"ref1","enumerator":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48236-9_13","html":"An active contour model without edges+In Scale-Space Theories in Computer Vision+141+151+1999+T. Chan+L. Vese"}}}}